The Yunnan Tin Group is investing heavily in all stages of tin production – mining, processing, smelting and refining – to offset the increasing difficulties and costs of extraction and recovery. A comprehensive presentation by the General Manager of Yunnan Tin Group, Dr Gao Wenxiang , at ITRI’s International Tin Conference in Penang, provided a review of the challenges faced by the global tin industry as well as explaining the strategic responses of the company. These include a planned investment of RMB 2.5 billion (US$400 million) in the development of deep and surrounding deposits around its existing Gejiu mining operations, centralisation and optimisation of mining and processing across an area of some 300 square kilometres and the re-location of smelting operations to a new site away from its current city-centre location.
Dr Gao noted that YTG has given high priority to the replacement of reserves for many years, investing around RMB 200 million (US$32 million) annually in exploration since 2003, which has allowed it to maintain proven reserves at the Gejiu mines at 670,000 tonnes of contained tin. However higher grade oxide ores are being depleted and head grades have been declining steadily. Seven new targets with resources of around one million tonnes of tin have been identified for development, but these are mainly skarn-hosted sulphide ores, often at depths of over 2,000 metres. YTG also has an estimated 400,000 tonnes of tin in tailings at the Gejiu mines (as well as a stake in tailings at the Renison mine in Australia), but Dr Gao noted that treatment involved high capital costs and difficult processing challenges and was probably not economic at prices of less than $30,000/tonne.
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The planned optimisation of mining and processing will potentially increase labour productivity ten-fold. The new smelter, to share a site with YTG’s recently built copper and lead smelting facilities, will also employ state-of-the-art technology and meet the highest environmental standards. However, in reviewing the global outlook and the need to utilise lower grade ores and tailings, Dr Gao concluded that beyond 2018 a healthy and sustainable development of the industry required a tin price in the order of $45,000/tonne.
