In next-generation perovskite solar cells (PSCs), transparent electrodes are crucial for conducting electricity and allowing light to pass through. Traditionally, indium tin oxide (ITO), which contains up to 10% tin, has been the material of choice. However, due to the high cost and scarcity of indium, researchers are exploring the use of alternative tin-based electrodes. Thicker antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) films, which consist of up to 90% tin, have emerged as a more sustainable and cost-effective solution.
Tin is a key component of both ITO and ATO, offering a unique combination of abundance and low cost, making it an attractive material for solar cells. By replacing indium with tin, ATO films maintain strong electrical conductivity and high transparency, both of which are critical for solar cell efficiency.
A recently published review paper from several China universities, has highlighted that PSCs using ATO electrodes perform well and are a competitive alternative to traditional ITO-based PSCs. While there may be some minor reductions in efficiency when fully replacing indium with tin, the performance remains strong, proving that tin-based films are a viable and sustainable option.
Beyond cost savings, ATO-based PSCs also offer greater stability. They perform better under high heat and humidity, retaining more of their efficiency over time compared to ITO-based cells. This makes ATO-based PSCs a more durable solution for long-term, high-performance solar energy.
Our View:
As the world pushes toward more sustainable energy solutions, tin is set to play a crucial role in advancing affordable and reliable solar power.
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